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Objective To design a novel biodegradable intestinal anastomosis stent and explore the relationship between pressure distance and biomechanical properties of the anastomosis, so as to provide new ideas and methods for compression anastomosis of intestinal tissues. Methods A compression anastomosis stent was designed for reconstruction of intestinal tissues, and the finite element model of compression anastomosis of intestinal tissues was established to investigate the relationship between pressurized distance (2, 1.6, 1.2, 0.8 mm) and tissue stress of the stent. The anastomosis effect of intestinal tissue under different pressurized distances was analyzed by the test of tear-off force and burst pressure. Results Biomechanical properties of the intestinal anastomosis were the best when the pressurized distance was 1.2 mm, and its maximum tensile strength reached 0.77 MPa. The tear-off force and burst pressure of tissues were (25.80±1.82) N and (12.30±0.26) kPa, respectively. The optimal intestinal anastomosis was achieved when tissues were compressed to 60% of the original thickness. Conclusions The biodegradable intestinal stent designed in this study can successfully achieve compression anastomosis of intestinal tissues, which provides theoretical references for the development and application of novel biodegradable compression anastomosis devices.
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In this paper, through the collection and collation of ancient herbs, medical books and prescriptions, combined with modern literature, the historical changes of the name, origin, position, medicinal parts, collection, processing and processing of bluegrass were systematically combed and verified.It can be seen from the research that bluegrass was first used as medicine by the fruit, namely blueberry, which was originally Polygonum tinctorium. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blueberry was rarely used, and it has been no longer used medicinally. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the medicinal parts extended to the stems and leaves, and most of them used juice as medicine.Since the Tang Dynasty, origin has been extended to Isatis indigotica, Baphicacanthus cusia, Indigofera tinctoria, Compositae plant Wulan, etc. In the Song Dynasty, the medicinal parts extended to the roots, and the "Banlangen" began to appear, and gradually became the main medicinal parts of blue medicinal materials, the main base of which was B. cusia. Since the Qing Dynasty, I. indigotica, a Cruciferae, has gradually become a genuine indigo root, while B. cusia has become a southern indigo root. It was the first mineral dye imported from abroad for thrush, and then used as medicine, also known as clam powder. Because it was found that it had the same effect with the extract of bluegrass, it was also named indigo naturalis in China, which has lasted till now. The main stream of Isatidis Folium in the past dynasties is the dry stem and leaf of Clerodendrum cyrtophylum. Since the Qing Dynasty, the stem and leaf of Isatis indigotica, P. tinctorium and other blue grasses have been gradually mixed as substitutes and gradually become the mainstream.
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China , Clerodendrum , Isatis , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was developed for the identification of chemical constituents in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which will clarify its material basis. ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid(B)-acetonitrile(A) as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The decoction was detected by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI ion source in positive and negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, retention time, mass fragmentation patterns combined with comparison of reference and literature reports, a total of 87 major compounds including 43 flavonoids, 9 alkaloids, 4 triterpenoid saponins, 1 sesquiterpene, 2 coumarins, 10 phenolic acids and 18 other compounds were tentatively screened and characterized. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was employed to comprehensively elucidate the chemical components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which basically covered 20 Chinese medicines except gypsum in Qingfei Paidu Decoction. These collective results provide a scientific basis for further research on the quality control standard of Qingfei Paidu Decoction.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coumarins , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Flavonoids , Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective:To analysis and compare the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to metabolic risks in population aged 25 years and older in 2011 and 2017 in Nanjing.Methods:The data were extracted from the Nanjing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (2011 and 2017), the Nanjing Mortality Surveillance (2011 and 2017) and the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Using GBD′s Comparative Risk Assessment Theory, the attribution burden was estimated by comparing the observed health outcomes with the health outcomes that may be observed when exposed to counterfactual levels. Based on population attributable fractions, the deaths and life expectancy losses of ischemic heart disease due to high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high total cholesterol (TC), high body mass index (BMI) and combination of four risks were estimated in 2011 and 2017. The average population structure of the world′s population from 2000 to 2025 wasusedas the standard population for standardization.Results:The number of IHD deaths attributable to four metabolic risks combination was 3 204, andwhich resulted in a loss of life expectancy of 0.90 years in 2017. High SBP appeared as the major cause of IHD deaths and Years of Life Lost (YLL). In 2017, the world standardized mortality rate (25.60×10 －5, 19.94×10 －5 and 6.83×10 －5) and the standardized YLL rate (389.31×10 －5, 335.16×10 －5, 134.60×10 －5) of the population due to high systolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol and high body mass index were significantly lower than those in 2011 (31.75×10 －5, 26.74×10 －5, 7.45×10 －5 and 469.07×10 －5, 463.70×10 －5, 142.66×10 －5); the world standardized rate and the standardized YLL rate due to high blood sugar (11.90×10 －5 and 174.61×10 －5) were significantly higher than those in 2011 (9.67×10 －5 and 150.61×10 －5) (all P<0.05). Males appeared to have higher standardized rate of YLL of IHD deaths than females, due to having metabolism risks( P<0.05). Conclusion:Metabolic exposures especially high SBP are the important risk factors whichleadto IHD deaths in Nanjing.
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Objective@#To analyze the attributable burden of smoking on the deaths of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVD) in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Jiangsu Province.@*Methods@#Comparative risk assessment approach in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) was used with the data from Jiangsu Non-communicable Disease and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Death Monitoring Surveillance System in 2013, and population attributable fraction (PAF), years of life lost (YLL), work of potential years of life lost, index of life lost and life loss attributed to smoking were calculated.@*Results@#In 2013, there were 162 158 CCVD deaths aged 30 years and above in the surveillance areas of Jiangsu Province, of which 25 102 deaths were attributed to smoking (PAF: 15.48%, attributed mortality rate: 55.13/100 000). The YLL, work of potential years of life lost and index of life lost were 532 494 person years, 78 024 person years and 9.15 years respectively. The decline of life expectancy was 0.58 years. The PAF of CCVD attributed to smoking in male and female were 27.97% and 3.18%, respectively, and the mortality rate of cardio-cerebral diseases attributed to smoking in male and female were 100.13/100 000 and 11.27/100 000, respectively. The burden of ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke were most severe, with standardized YLL rate were 3.65‰ and 3.20‰, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Smoking caused a great burden of cardio-cerebral disease deaths in inhabitants in Jiangsu province.
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Objective@#To evaluate the risk of 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 35 years old and above in two cities of Jiangsu province.@*Methods@#From December 2013 to January 2014, a total of 15 624 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 35 years old and above, who received national basic public health service in Changshu county of Suzhou city, Huai′an and Qinghe districts of Huai′an city, Jiangsu province, were recruited by cluster sampling method. Face-to-face questionnaire survey, anthropometric and laboratory measurements were conducted to collect exposures to ICVD risk factors. Improved Ten Year Risk Assessment Table of ICVD in Chinese was used to assess the risk score and the absolute risk of developing ICVD.@*Results@#The participants were (62.2±9.7) years old, of which 6 137 were men (39.3%). Among the participants, the highest rate of exposure to ICVD risk factors was high systolic blood pressure (74.8%, n=11 685), followed by high total cholesterol (70.7%, n= 11 051).The score of 10-year risk for ICVD was (10.4±3.3) and the median (P25-P75) value of absolute risk was 15.6% (6.8%-32.7%). 16.7% (n=2 602) participants were under extremely high risk of 10-year risk for ICVD, 23.8% (n=3 714) under high-risk and 24.0% (n=3 746) under middle-risk. Among the total risk score of ICVD, age (49.1%), hypertension (17.7%) and diabetes (15.5%) accounted for relatively high proportion, however, smoking (11.0%) was the most important risk factor except for age (47.4%) and systolic blood pressure (20.5%) in male participants.@*Conclusion@#Patients with type 2 diabetes aged 35 years old and above in two cities of Jiangsu Province have a high risk of developing ICVD for 10 years, especially in elderly, female, hypertension patients and male smokers.
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Objective@#To analyze the disease burden of stroke and its health loss attributable to passive smoking in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu province.@*Methods@#Data were retrieved from the Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in Jiangsu in 2013 and the death registry system in Jiangsu. Combined with the method in Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD2016), the indicators, such as population attributable fraction (PAF) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for stroke due to passive smoking were calculated.@*Results@#In 2013, the mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, DALY and DALY rate of stroke in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu were 718.15/100 000, 439.28/100 000, 1 179 602 person years and 9 234.99/100 000, respectively. Year of life lost (YLL) accounted for 87.00% of the total DALY. The DALY and corresponding rate of stroke increased rapidly with age, and were higher in women (612 084 person years and 9 319.71/100 000, respectively) than those in men (567 518 person years and 9 145.33/100 000, respectively). The prevalence of passive smoking was 34.04% in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu. The PAF, attributable DALY, attributable DALY rate and its age- standardized rate of stroke due to passive smoking in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu were 3.88%, 45 769 person years, 358.12/100 000 and 920.64/100 000, respectively; and were also higher for men (4.35%, 24 687 person years, 397.82/100 000 and 515.30/100 000, respectively) than those for women (3.44%, 21 056 person years, 320.60/100 000, 405.34/100 000, respectively).@*Conclusions@#The disease burden of stroke was heavy in the elderly in Jiangsu, and passive smoking might have great influence on the disease burden of stroke. Prevention and control of stroke and passive smoking exposure should be taken actively to improve health for the elderly.
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Objective To quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths that attributed to metabolic disorders in population aged ≥25 years in Jiangsu province.Methods The data we used were from the following three sources:1) 2015 Jiangsu Chronic Disease Risk Factor and Nutrition Survey,2) death surveillance,3) results of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study,based on population attributable fractions (PAF),to analyze related parameters as mortality,years of life lost (YLL),life expectancy (LE) and premature mortality.Results Most people died from ischemic stroke (IS) showed the standard mortality as 87.48/100 000.High SBP appeared as the major cause on CVD deaths.PAF with high cholesterol and high BMI decreased along with the increase of age while high fasting plasma glucose increased.Deaths due to ischemic heart diseases,IS or hemorrhagic stroke that attributed to metabolism disorders would reduce the LE by 1.08,1.07 or 0.55 years,respectively.Males appeared to have higher YLL than females and were more likely to die from premature CVD,as the consequence of having metabolism disorders.Conclusions Blood pressure control should be considered an important approach to reduce the burden of CVD.According to the characteristics of gender-related risks and the distinct impact of age-related metabolism disorders on different CVD diseases,stratified strategies should be strengthened for comprehensive prevention and control of CVD,in Jiangsu province.
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Objective To quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths that attributed to metabolic disorders in population aged ≥25 years in Jiangsu province.Methods The data we used were from the following three sources:1) 2015 Jiangsu Chronic Disease Risk Factor and Nutrition Survey,2) death surveillance,3) results of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study,based on population attributable fractions (PAF),to analyze related parameters as mortality,years of life lost (YLL),life expectancy (LE) and premature mortality.Results Most people died from ischemic stroke (IS) showed the standard mortality as 87.48/100 000.High SBP appeared as the major cause on CVD deaths.PAF with high cholesterol and high BMI decreased along with the increase of age while high fasting plasma glucose increased.Deaths due to ischemic heart diseases,IS or hemorrhagic stroke that attributed to metabolism disorders would reduce the LE by 1.08,1.07 or 0.55 years,respectively.Males appeared to have higher YLL than females and were more likely to die from premature CVD,as the consequence of having metabolism disorders.Conclusions Blood pressure control should be considered an important approach to reduce the burden of CVD.According to the characteristics of gender-related risks and the distinct impact of age-related metabolism disorders on different CVD diseases,stratified strategies should be strengthened for comprehensive prevention and control of CVD,in Jiangsu province.
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Ganmaoling granule is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales, but its preparation method and process control parameters are relatively rough. Therefore it is urgent to upgrade the technologies of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This paper focused on the balance between the remove of impurity and the retention of linarin during the process of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules. The effects of four factors on the process were investigated via single factor experiments. The results showed that the precipitating period, the initial ethanol concentration and the final ethanol concentration had a great effect on retention of linarin while the initial density of the extract has not. Similarly, the initial ethanol concentration, the final ethanol concentration and the initial extract density have a great effect on the yield of dry extract while the time of alcohol precipitation has not. The parameters of alcohol precipitation of Ganmaoling granules were optimized as 16 h of precipitating period, 95% ethanol as the initial reagent, 70% of the final ethanol concentration, and 1.10 of the initial extract density.
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Ganmaoling granule, with annual sale of over one billion yuan, is the first brand of domestic cold medicine sales. As the only traditonal Chinese medicine（TCM） quality control indicator of Ganmaoling granule, linarin is thermally unstable. Its content will be changed significantly during the production process, which would then affect the quality of the finished product. In this paper, the law of degradation of linarin was investigated. The experimental results showed that degradation reaction of linarin belongs to the first reaction characteristics. The effective methods to reduce the loss of linarin would be realized fortunately by strictly controlling the heating temperature or shortening the heating time.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of c-Met on the proliferation and the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs of triple negative breast cancer cells.METHODS: Doxorubicin-resistant cells ( MDA-MB-231/ADR) were estab-lished.The expression of c-Met at mRNA and protein levels in the MDA-MB-231/ADR cells and parental MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.c-Met siRNA and plasmid or AKT siRNA were transfected into the cancer cells.The cell proliferation and the sensitivity to doxorubicin were determined by MTT assay.RESULTS:The expression of c-Met at mRNA and protein levels in MDA-MB-231/ADR cells was significantly higher than that in parental MDA-MB-231 cells.Transfection with pBABE-puro TPR-MET plasmid into the MDA-MB-231 cells induced cell prolifera-tion and resistance to doxorubicin.Meanwhile, inhibition of c-Met in the MDA-MB-231/ADR cells by siRNA reversed the doxorubicin-resistance.In addition, over-expression of c-Met led to higher phosphorylation level of AKT, which was in-volved in the effects of c-Met on the MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and doxorubicin-resistance.CONCLUSION: c-Met may have the potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative femoral nerve block on preemptive analgesia in the elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 65-75 yr,scheduled for elective total knee arthroplasty,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group Ⅰ),preoperative femoral nerve block group (group Ⅱ) and postoperative femoral nerve block group (group Ⅲ).Single-injection femoral nerve block was performed with 0.375％ ropivacaine 20 ml injected around the nerve under thc guidance of ultrasound immediately before induction of anesthesia and at the end of surgery in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups,respectively.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil (background infusion 2 ml/h,bolus dose 2 ml,lockout interval 15 min) was used until 2 days after surgery,and VAS score was maintained ≤ 3.When VAS score＞3,flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was injected intravenously as rescue medication.The consumption of sufentanil per hour,requirement for rescue medication,and development of adverse reactions were recorded within 24 h after surgery.Sufentanil-sparing degree was calculated.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the consumption of sufentanil per hour,requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased within 24 h after surgery in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.The consumption of sufentanil per hour,requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower within 24 h after surgery in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅲ.The consumption of sufentanil per hour was decreased by 35％ in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅰ,and decreased by 18％ in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅲ.Conclusion Preoperative femoral nerve block can provide good preemptive analgesia in the elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of puerarin for prevention of brain injury in the patients undergoing open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty ASA physical status Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 50-64 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:control group(group C) and puerarin group (group P).Puerarin 400 mg was infused intravenously over 30 min immediately at skin incision in group P and the equal volume of 5％ glucose-sodium chloride injection was given in group C.Before induction of anesthesia (T0),at 30 min of CPB (T1),immediately after aortic unclamping (T2),and at 6,12 and 24 h after termination of CPB (T3.5),blood samples were collected from the jugular venous bulb for determination of the plasma concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 β protein.P300 eventrelated potential latency and amplitude were determined and cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery.The patients were diagnosed as having post-operative cognitive dysfunction when MMSE score before surgery-MMSE score after surgery ≥ 2,or when M MSE score≤ 24.Results Compared with group C,the concentrations of plasma NSE and S-100 β protein were significantly decreased at T15,and P300 event-related potential latency was shortened,P300 event-related potential amplitude was increased,and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was decreased at 7 days after operation in group P.Conclusion Puerarin can prevent the brain injury in the patients undergoing open heart surgery under CPB.
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Objective To observe the effect of ketamine preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain and recovery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods Eighty LC patients under general anesthesia with propofol and remifentany were randomly divided into two groups of PR and PRK with 40 cases each. The patients in group PRK were given additional low-dose ketamine 0.3 mg/kg before skin incision. Recovery from anesthesia was evaluated at 30 min, 1 h and 12 h after surgery by SS and VRS scoring. Results There were no significant differences in the time for regaining spontaneous breathing,opening eyes and extubation between the two groups. But recovery of anesthesia was with less restlessness and VRS pain scores, better sedation in group PRK than those in group PR (P< 0.05). Conclusion Preemptive intravenous analgesia with low-dose ketamine has the advantage of quicker recovery from anesthesia with less incidence of restlessness and pain in LC patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the plasma membrane integrity and morphology of fresh and frozen goat spermatozoa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ejaculates of three male goats were obtained by the artificial vagina method of collection and the rates of sperm abnormality and acrosome integrity were detected after freezing-thawing processing. The plasma membrane integrity of the fresh and frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa was evaluated with a combination of fluorescent probes, carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The freezing-thawing process significantly influenced the viability and integrity of the spermatozoa ([74.43 +/- 13.78]% vs. [46.25 +/- 2.69]%; [64.26 +/- 7.03]% vs. [6.27 +/- 2.90]%, P < 0.01). The results showed differences in acrosome integrity rate between the fresh and frozen samples ([80.77 +/- 10.70]% vs. [58.42 +/- 18.05]% , P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The freezing-thawing process significantly reduces sperm viability and acrosome integrity and seriously damages the plasma membrane integrity.</p>